Apresentamos os resultados dos nossos estudos entre os processos educacionais e processos de subjetivação. Associamos este fato com a dificuldade dos educadores deslocarem o corpo do lugar de quem ensina para o lugar de quem aprende. Estudamos as implicações do corpo nos processos educacionais e sugerimos uma “atitude moderna” a partir do “cuidado de si”, apoiados em Foucault, como a ação do educador que “toma partido” do educando.

Climate change exposes ecological and socio-economic systems to risks. The identified disparities in knowledge about the social climate system are at the root of the difficulties in perceiving and understanding the diversity of risks related to climate change. The still huge gap between what science and technological innovation can contribute to mitigation and what is unmanageable by humans inevitably requires a continuous process of adaptation. This work is part of the research associated with the European project (under the ERA4CS) 'Citizen (...) Sensing - Urban climate resilience through participatory risk management systems', which proposes to develop a Participatory Climate Risk Management System, a two-way communication system where is part of a participatory risk management system, contributing to adaptive governance. These objectives will be achieved through the creation of a platform that will incorporate information gathered from four pilot studies: Norrköping (Sweden), Porto (Portugal), Rotterdam (The Netherlands) and Trondheim (Norway). Ultimately, the aim is to draw conclusions on how this application can contribute to improving citizens' literacy to cope with climate change adaptation and to raise awareness of this problem, as the involvement of citizens and stakeholders will only be improved if the perception of the risk of climate change is substantially increased. Awareness campaigns about the potential risks associated with extreme events are of great importance. Citizens tend to view climate change as a global phenomenon, ignoring and avoiding taking action until it is directly and seriously affected. (shrink)

IntroductionThere is a need to maintain rehabilitation activities and motivate movement and physical activity during quarantine in individuals with Cerebral Palsy.ObjectiveThis paper sets out to evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits of using computer serious game in a non-immersive virtual reality implemented and evaluated completely remotely in participants with CP for Home-Based Telerehabilitation during the quarantine period for COVID-19.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design, a total of 44 individuals participated in this study between March and June 2020, 22 of which had CP (...) and 22 typically developing individuals, matched by age and sex to the individuals with CP. Participants practiced a coincident timing game1 and we measured movement performance and physical activity intensity using the rating of perceived exertion Borg scale.ResultsAll participants were able to engage with the VR therapy remotely, reported enjoying sessions, and improved performance in some practice moments. The most important result in this cross-sectional study was the significant increasing in rating of perceived exertion in both groups during practice and with CP presenting a higher rating of perceived exertion.ConclusionChildren with CP enjoyed participating, were able to perform at the same level as their peers on certain activities and increased both their performance and physical activity intensity when using the game, supporting the use of serious games for this group for home therapy and interactive games.Clinical Trials Registrationhttps://Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04402034. Registered on May 20, 2020. (shrink)

The incarnation of the Word marks the arrival of the fullness of times. The Holy Spirit hovers with Its shadow and power over the Virgin Mary and starts the time of realization, of the promised salvation, the Messiah's arrival. Mary is the figure of the people of Israel that waits the ultimate freedom, promised by God. In it, God mounts his tent among men and relates to the men, bringing him to a new life in the Holy Spirit.

Most of the annotators on Psalm 82 understand the reference to God in the second part of the verse as plural, meaning gods, and that reference is to the moment in which the God of Israel takes the World Government. Other annotators understand the reference to gods as to the Israeli judges, who exert their judgment in the Assembly of God. This article presents a third possibility, in which God on verse 1b is the same as the on verse (...) 1a. (shrink)

Resumo: A Lei 10.639/03 depositou diante do universo docente o desafio de propalar o Ensino de História e Cultura Afro-brasileira e Africana, numa perspectiva contrária a visão eurocêntrica predominante até então. Cabia às Secretarias de Educação subsidiar as escolas, o que exigia formação de equipes aptas ao processo, bem como compreensão da lei e mudanças nas concepções de currículo e práxis dos/as educadores/as. O presente artigo vem apresentar justamente a caminhada da Secretaria Municipal de Educação no Município de Manaus/SEMED/MANAUS quanto (...) a inserção dos temas nas documentações. Apresenta a construção de uma Proposta Pedagógica Curricular/PPC, alinhada a lei. Contudo, traz a reflexão de que a mudança realizada na PPC é um avanço, mas não é garantia de disseminação de atitudes e conhecimentos necessários para a formação integral antirracista dos estudantes. A SEMED/MANAUS, reconhece que é necessário a mudança de postura dos educadores, por isso desde a implantação da referida PPC, realiza oficinas, formações e demais ações pertinentes a temática. Dessa forma conjectura-se que o trabalho dos/as professores tem caminhado na perspectiva da formação integral antirracista dos estudantes. Palavras chaves: Lei 10.639/03. Escola. Currículo. Educação integral antirracista. (shrink)

Trata-se de um relato de experiência sobre o projeto “Prevenção: é um prazer falar sobre isso”, com o objetivo de fomentar ações de prevenção às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (ISTs) com o público universitário. Pautadas na abordagem da educação entre pares, foram realizadas 6 oficinas com universitárias dos cursos de saúde, culminando na produção de uma intervenção denominada Barraca do Tinder. A intervenção foi realizada numa universidade pública paranaense e visava expandir o alcance do projeto, produzindo discussão sobre sexualidade, vulnerabilidade e (...) prevenção através de abordagem participativa e lúdica junto ao público universitário. Discutimos os resultados do projeto, destacando o imaginário acerca da Aids, a vulnerabilidade relacionada a populações específicas, a efetividade da metodologia da educação entre pares e do uso de cenas sexuais como dispositivos de prevenção. (shrink)

Given the need to explore the factors that can account for a better understanding of the intention-behavior gap in exercise practice in health club settings, and considering the emergence of hedonic assumptions related to exercise adherence, this cross-sectional study aimed to test the moderation effect of the intensity traits agreement/disagreement in three relevant outcomes of exercise enjoyment: exercise habit, intention to continue exercising, and exercise frequency. A sample consisted of 273 exercisers (male = 127; Mage = 36.21; SD = 11.29) (...) enrolled in nine health clubs who voluntarily fulfilled a battery of questionnaires. All analyses were performed using SPSS v. 23.0/PROCESS v. 3.5. The results of the study presented a moderation effect of exercise intensity traits agreement on three relevant enjoyment outcomes: exercise habit, intention to continue exercising, and exercise frequency. No relevant results emerged from intensity traits disagreement. The results suggest that assessing and tailoring exercise prescription and supervision in order to customize exercise intensity may influence future exercise participation. (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como tema a relação entre a ética, a teoria estética e a filosofia da arte de Schopenhauer. Analisaremos essa questão buscando explicar os elementos envolvidos no processo de aproximação e comunicação entre esses âmbitos, examinando a discussão sobre o tema nos principais teóricos e obras do filósofo. Daremos os seguintes passos: em primeiro lugar, evidenciaremos o papel preponderante da ética dentro do sistema filosófico de Schopenhauer, mostrando que ela é uma importante referência para as demais questões (...) tratadas por ele, inclusive para a discussão estética; em segundo lugar, mostraremos que a postura metodológica do filósofo se reflete na importância conferida por ele às artes e nas singularidades de sua estética, que, por sua vez, facilita a aproximação entre filosofia da arte e ética; finalmente, demonstraremos a presença de algumas questões morais na estética schopenhaueriana, revelando que ela pode ser compreendida como uma preparação para a ética. (shrink)

Resumo: No presente artigo, discutiremos os aspectos filosóficos de teorias de conjuntos paraconsistentes. A fim de ilustrar nossas considerações de modo mais concreto, abordaremos uma nova teoria de conjuntos baseada em um sistema bem conhecido de Quine e em um cálculo paraconsistente.Palavras-chave: existência, contradição, lógica e paraconsistência.: In the present paper we deal with the philosophical aspects of paraconsistent set theories. In order to illustrate our points more concretely, we will discuss new paraconsistent set theory based both on Quine's well-known (...) system and on a paraconsistent calculus.Keywords: existence, contradiction, logic and paraconsistency. (shrink)

Resumo: Examinar-se á o conceito de verdade pragmática em uma perspectiva que poderia ser denominada de pragmática. Assim, pretende-se apresentar, de um ponto de vista lógico-formal, a idéia de verdade pragmática num sentido de que uma proposição é pragmaticamente verdadeira se e somente se, em determinado contexto, tudo se passa como se ela fosse verdadeira do ponto de vista correspondencial. Ora, A. Tarski, em 1933, ao examinar o conceito de verdade nas linguagens formalizadas forneceu uma definição precisa de verdade inaugurando (...) assim os estudos semânticos e criando o que hoje entendemos por teoria dos modelos. Da mesma forma, Mikemberg, Chuaqui e da Costa, em um trabalho de 1986, forneceram uma noção precisa de quase verdade que pode ser considerada uma espécie de versão do conceito pragmático de verdade. Apresentar-se-á, em linhas gerais, o conceito formal de quase-verdade, junto com alguns desenvolvimentos que foram obtidos a partir do mesmo em problemas de filosofia da ciência.: It's our goal to analyze the concept of pragmatic truth in a perspective that could be called pragmatic. Therefore, we intend to present, from a formal=logic point of view, the idea of pragmatic truth, as meaning a proposition which Is pragmactilly truthful, if and only if, in a determinate context, everything runs as it was truthful in a correspondential perspective. In 1933, A Tarski, while examining the truth concept in formalized languages, gave a precise definition of truth inaugurating with it the semantic studies and creating what we understand, in our days, as theory of models. In the same way, Mikenberg, Chuaqui and da Costa, in a work of 1986, conceived a precise notion of almost-truth, which can be considered as a version of pragmatic truth conception. We intend to show, in general ways, the formal concept of almost-truth among some developments obtained from this same concept in philosophy of science. (shrink)

Resumo: Pretendemos esboçar o conceito de lógica multidedutiva que constitui um sistema lógico subjacente à noção de verdade pragmática. Com base em lógicas multidedutivas, delineamos um aparato formal para o tratamento apropriado de inconsistências em teorias físicas.: we intend to delineate the concept of multideductive logic that constitutes a subjacent logical system for the pragmatic notion of truth. Based upon the multideductive logic we have pictured a formal apparatus used as an appropriate treatment to the inconsistencies in Physics theories.

ENTREVISTA COM PROFESSORAS(ES) DE FILOSOFIA DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL DO CEARÁCom: Jocilaine Moreira Batista do Vale, Mario Jonny de Castro Cunha, Syssa AdleyRodrigues Monteiro, Fabiana Martins TôrresPor: Antônio Alex Pereira de Sousa, Paulo Willame Araújo de Lim.

Nas últimas décadas, o republicanismo voltou a ocupar um espaço relevante no debate político contemporâneo. No processo de retomada do pensamento republicano, observada principalmente na obra de Philip Pettit, um dos aspectos mais inovadores é a proposta de uma forma de governo capaz de efetivar o ideal de liberdade como ausência de dominação, denominada de democracia contestatória. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e discutir o modelo de democracia contestatória proposto por Pettit.

Efforts have been dedicated to the understanding of social-ecological systems, an important focus in ethnobiological studies. In particular, ethnobiological investigations have found evidence and tested hypotheses over the last 30 years on the interactions between human groups and their environments, generating the need to formulate a theory for such systems. In this article, we propose the social-ecological theory of maximization to explain the construction and functioning of these systems over time, encompassing hypotheses and evidence from previous ethnobiological studies. In proposing (...) the theory, we present definitions and two conceptual models, an environmental maximization model and a redundancy generation model. The first model seeks to address biota selection and its use by human populations. The second emphasizes how the system organizes itself from the elements that were incorporated into it. Furthermore, we provide the theoretical scenario of plant selection and use from an evolutionary perspective, which explicitly integrates the phylogenetic relationships of plants and human beings. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to present the Levellers’ main political ideas as well as to evaluate the assertion of some scholars that they were the first modern democrats who proposed a written constitution for the protection of natural and inalienable rights. It intends to discuss whether it is possible to see the defence of constitutional rights and freedoms in their pamphlets, almost all written between 1646 and 1649, particularly in the different versions of Agreement of the People.

Philip Pettit sustenta que o neorrepublicanismo pode contribuir para o movimento feminista, visto que o seu princípio normativo central, o ideal de liberdade como ausência de dominação, pode ser amplamente utilizado na luta pela igualdade política, jurídica, social e cultural entre homens e mulheres. Com base em escritos de algumas autoras feministas, o artigo pretende discutir os limites da concepção neorrepublicana de liberdade, ao não considerar a dimensão social, cultural e estrutural da dominação masculina, para a causa feminista.

O objetivo do artigo é discutir a interpretação de Quentin Skinner no tocante à concepção de liberdade encontrada nos autores ingleses que defenderam o regime republicano estabelecido na Inglaterra entre 1649 e 1660. Em sua narrativa histórica, essa concepção de liberdade, caracterizada pela ausência de interferência arbitrária, seria inspirada na teoria romana dos Estados livres, expressa principalmente no pensamento republicano de Maquiavel, o que caracterizaria o republicanismo inglês como um momento maquiaveliano. A intenção é mostrar que essa narrativa é problemática: (...) primeiro, porque não é possível extrair dos textos analisados de Maquiavel essa concepção de liberdade; depois, se esses autores ingleses utilizaram os argumentos de Maquiavel a favor do regime republicano, eles não acataram os seus principais fundamentos. (shrink)

For each integer n ≥ 2, MVn denotes the variety of MV-algebras generated by the MV-chain with n elements. Algebras in MVn are represented as continuous functions from a Boolean space into a n-element chain equipped with the discrete topology. Using these representations, maximal subalgebras of algebras in MVn are characterized, and it is shown that proper subalgebras are intersection of maximal subalgebras. When A ∈ MV3, the mentioned characterization of maximal subalgebras of A can be given in terms of (...) prime filters of the underlying lattice of A, in the form that was conjectured by A. Monteiro. (shrink)

For each integer n ≥ 2, MVn denotes the variety of MV-algebras generated by the MV-chain with n elements. Algebras in MVn are represented as continuous functions from a Boolean space into a n-element chain equipped with the discrete topology. Using these representations, maximal subalgebras of algebras in MVn are characterized, and it is shown that proper subalgebras are intersection of maximal subalgebras. When A ∈ MV3, the mentioned characterization of maximal subalgebras of A can be given in terms of (...) prime filters of the underlying lattice of A, in the form that was conjectured by A. Monteiro. (shrink)

Review & Reply. Review of Gonçalves, R.T. (tr.) Lucrécio. Sobre a Natureza das Coisas(2021).

Nietzsche y Educación: conocimiento y cultura en el Estado Moderno Resumen: Este texto busca tejer algunas reflexiones sobre la relación entre la filosofía de Friedrich Nietzsche y el campo educativo, entendiendo sus indagaciones sobre las instituciones educativas modernas y los valores vinculados a este tipo de hombre. Vinculado al proceso de degeneración de la potencia instintiva humana y su animalidad, se estableció un modelo de conocimiento, basado en el ideal metafísico y la creencia incondicional de la verdad. La crítica dirigida (...) al Estado Moderno y su modelo de cultura, que pretendió instituir a filósofos/as y estudiosos/as como guías, considera que es necesario volver a hacer crecer los usos y funciones de estos sujetos en la sociedad, al buscar superar el dilema que los constituye hoy, como empleados y mantenedores del Estado. Pasando por distintas fases de su pensamiento, buscó ser un instrumento más para dotar al ámbito de la Filosofía de la Educación de un vínculo sólido con el filósofo alemán, a través del estudio de las relaciones entre Nietzsche y la Educación. Palabras-Clave: Conocimiento; Cultura; Educación; Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche e Educação: conhecimento e cultura no Estado Moderno Resumo: Este texto busca tecer algumas reflexões acerca da relação entre a filosofia de Friedrich Nietzsche e o campo educacional, compreendendo suas indagações acerca das instituições de ensino modernas e os valores vinculados ao este tipo de homem. Atrelado ao processo de degeneração da potência instintiva humana e de sua animalidade ocorreu a fixação de um modelo de conhecimento, fundamentado no ideal metafísico e na crença incondicional da verdade. A crítica dirigida ao Estado Moderno e ao seu modelo de cultura, que pretendeu instituir os filósofos e eruditos enquanto guias, entende que é necessário o resgate dos usos e funções destes sujeitos na sociedade, buscando superar o dilema que os constitui hoje, como funcionários e mantenedores do Estado. Perpassando diferentes fases de seu pensamento buscou-se ser mais um instrumento para fornecer ao âmbito da Filosofia da Educação um vínculo sólido com o filósofo alemão, por meio do estudo das relações entre Nietzsche e a Educação. Palavras-chave: Conhecimento; Cultura; Educação; Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche and Education: knowledge and culture in the Modern State Abstract: This text seeks to do some reflections on the relationship between Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy and the educational field, understanding his inquiries about modern educational institutions and the values ​​linked to this type of man. United with the process of degeneration of human instinctual power and its animality, there was the establishment of a model of knowledge, based on the metaphysical ideal and on the unconditional belief of truth. The criticism directed at the Modern State and its model of culture, which intended to establish philosophers and scholars as guides, understands that it is necessary to rescue the uses and functions of these subjects in society, seeking to overcome the dilemma that constitutes them today, as employees and keepers of the state. Passing through different phases of his thought, we sought to be one more instrument to provide the scope of Philosophy of Education with a solid link with the German philosopher, through the study of the relationship between Nietzsche and Education. Keywords: Knowledge; Culture; Education; Friedrich Nietzsche. Data de registro: 10/08/2021 Data de aceite: 19/01/2022. (shrink)

O presente artigo inicia-se com a análise de uma carta de Edmund Burke de Janeirode 1790, momento em que o estadista se declarou contrário à Revolução Francesa, paravinculá-la a outros textos do autor nos quais os aspectos orgânico e hereditário dasociedade civil, assim como o papel formador e deformador das palavras na atividadepolítica, são tratados. A segunda parte desse texto consiste na tradução e notas à traduçãoda referida carta de Janeiro de 1790.

Schizophrenia is usually described as a fragmentation of subjective experience and the impossibility to engage in meaningful cultural and intersubjective practices. Although the term schizophrenia is less than 100 years old, madness is generally believed to have accompanied mankind through its historical and cultural ontogeny. What does it mean to be “mad”? The failure to adopt social practices or to internalize cultural values of common sense? Despite the vast amount of literature and research, it seems that the study of schizophrenia (...) and of the psychoses is suffering from a generic disintegration. In this introduction, we offer an historical overview of the variety of theories and approaches to schizophrenia. We also provide an overview of how the authors in this volume attempt an integrative account where training, practice, theory and research are considered as parts of a larger whole. This is a varied and pluralistic volume, and it is up to the readers to make use of different chapters according to their own needs. (shrink)

Israel Scheffler is the pre-eminent philosopher of education in the English-speaking world today. This volume collects seventeen original, invited papers on Scheffler's philosophy of education by scholars from around the world. The papers address the wide range of topics that Scheffler's work in philosophy of education has addressed, including the aims of education, cognition and emotion, teaching, the language of education, science education, moral education, religious education, and human potential. Each paper is followed by a response from Scheffler himself. (...) The collection is essential reading for anyone concerned with contemporary scholarship in philosophy of education, or with the place of this singularly important author in it. (shrink)

The debate that raged in the interwar period between the Austrian economists and socialist economists was, narrowly conceived, a debate in positive economics. What was being discussed was certainly not the morality of capitalism or of socialism. Nor, strictly speaking, was the debate even about society's economic well-being under socialism; it concerned the ability of central planners to make decisions that take appropriate account of relevant resource scarcities, in the light of consumer preference rankings. To be sure, the extraordinary interest (...) which surrounded the debate and the passions that lurked barely below its surface testified to the powerful implications of the debate for crucial issues in welfare economics. The Austrians were not merely exploring the economies of socialism; they were in effect demonstrating that, as an economic system attempting to serve the needs of its citizens, socialism must inevitably fail. But, even if the debate is interpreted in its broadest terms, as a debate in welfare economics, it represented a sharp break widi traditional polemics relating to the socialism-capitalism issue. Traditionally the arguments for or against capitalism had, until 1920, been deeply involved in ediical questions. Mises's 1920 challenge to socialism, in contrast, was explicit in making no attempt to address any claims concerning the alleged moral superiority of socialism. He simply argued that, as an economic system, socialism was inherendy incapable of fulfilling the objectives of its proponents; central planners are unable to plan centrally. (shrink)

Civil disobedience is a form of protest consisting in an act contrary to law, whose aim is to bring about a change in laws or policies deemed unjust. In the traditional Western philosophical debate, civil disobedience was mainly discussed and justified within the boundaries of a democratic regime. John Rawls’ theory of civil disobedience is explicitly based on this liberal assumption. He conceptualises civil disobedience as a public, nonviolent, conscientious and political breach of the law, only appropriate to nearly just (...) societies, hence to democratic regimes. This article intends to question Rawls’ premise by considering civil disobedience from a different perspective: when it is undertaken outside of a nearly just framework, precisely in not fully democratic contexts, such as the so-called “anocracies”, regimes that mix democratic and autocratic traits. The emblematic case of Sudan’s most recent actions of civil disobedience is examined to argue that, contrary to the liberal conceptualisation, civil disobedience does have a role and appropriateness in frameworks of this kind, where the aim is not only to oppose unjust laws or policies, but also to achieve a broader structural change through rigorously nonviolent forms of political action. (shrink)

Jean-Luc Nancy is a prolific thinker, not only because of an abundant body of work—more than a hundred titles—but also and above all because his thought, in the form of an opening, encourages and invites us to think what he himself has not put into question. So it is with the category of “milieu”. This category, of which Georges Canguilhem in his time marked the contemporaneity, is more relevant today than ever. It enables us to think differently about our world, (...) and about what makes the world our world. Who makes the “we,” when we think through the “milieu”? How can we think from the relationship first and not from a primordial subject? How, therefore, can we think of another subjectivity, beyond the reflexive subjectivity of the human? This study aims to show the conditions in which Nancy’s work can contribute in a powerful way to a thought of being-together from an ecosophical point of view. (shrink)

In semiotics, final causation can be related to the process of determination (PAPE, 1993). From Peirce’s point of view, determination is not a causal determinism, but a delimitation of a range of possibilities. One starts from objects towards interpretants, in a process mediated by the sign, in which the dynamic object works as a force that constrains interpretants to correspond to their objects. The correspondence between object and interpretant is important because it is through a generated interpretant that the object (...) of a sign can be known. Even though this process of determination coincides with the idea of final causation, there is a certain indeterminacy in it. For Peirce (EP 2:353, 1905), vagueness and generality are two types of indeterminacy. In the terms of the phenomenological categories, vagueness is an indeterminacy of the order of firstness, generality an indeterminacy of the order of thirdness, and both, to some extent, are opposed to that which is defined, which belongs to secondness. Each aspect of the sign may vary according to the three phenomenological categories. Consequently, degrees of imprecision are added to the semiotic process, which is a determination process. Peirce asserts that the perfect precision of thought is theoretically unattainable (SS 11, 1903). Every sign is vague or general at least to some degree. In this paper, we seek to perceive degrees of indetermination and causality from an analysis of the kinds of objects and interpretants proposed by Peirce in the system of 28 sign classes. (shrink)

Objectivity Under Attack: a fundamental feature of science is its ideal of objectivity, an ideal that subjects ...